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Application of cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic methods in prenatal diagnosis
Rašpličková, Tereza ; Novotná, Drahuše (advisor) ; Zemanová, Zuzana (referee)
Foetal anomalies found on ultrasound increase the probability of occurrence of chromosomal abnormalities. They cause about one quarter of all abortions and stillbirths and many of inborn defects in newborns. Karyotype analysis is number one method in prenatal diagnosis whereas array CGH is often used as a verification and supplemental method. The aim of this work was to prove that array CGH gives additional chromosomal findings to karyotypes and could substitute conventional karyotyping as a primary examination method in foetuses with ultrasound findings. We examined 45 prenatal samples using both methods. These samples were referred for invasive examination because of abnormal ultrasound findings. Karyotype analyses found two abnormalities in two (4,4 %) patients and array CGH identified aberrations in five (11,1 %) foetuses whereas both anomalies detected by karyotypes were discovered by array CGH too. This means that array CGH identified about 6,7 % more aberrations than karyotype. Our results correspond with scientific articles which refer that array CGH should replace karyotype not only in postnatal examinations but even in prenatal diagnosis. Keywords: chromosomal aberrations, array CGH, karyotype, prenatal diagnosis, ultrasound
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Subjective perception of a prenatal care by pregnant woman.
UHLÍKOVÁ, Karin
My bachelor's thesis topic is "Subjective perception of a prenatal care by pregnant woman" and it is divided into theoretical and practical part. First goal of this bachelor's thesis was to find how is prenatal care perceive by women. Second goal was to find out opinions of pregnant women about birth attendants. Next aim of this work was find out discrepancies and compare prenatal care in Pisek and Tyn nad Vltavou from pregnant women point of view. Survey data were collected through the qualitative research method with semi-structured interviews. Survey sample was form by ten women. This size was divided into two groups, five women from pregnancy advisory center in Pisek and five women who attended same center in Tyn nad Vltavou. Data were recorded in written form or as audio notes, which were rewrite.As emerged from research pregnant women are satisfied with quality of offered prenatal care. Respondents would like to receive more information about pregnancy progress or checkups and prenatal tests. Women also want improve individual approach, better communication with doctors and decrease of the waiting time.As unambiguously follow from results all interviewed women confide in birth attendants.Based on the result of the research I found out that respondents from Pisek are satisfied with all components of prenatal care provided with medical personal.As distinct from situation in Pisek respondents from Tyn nad Vltavou want to improve individual approach and communication with doctor. Research outcome pointed out to the fact that health care is not only about routine work but also about human approach and communication. Results of this work could be used for improving knowledge concerning prenatal care, next is publish in specialized magazines.
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The system of prenatal diagnosis of fetal harm
ŠUSTROVÁ, Tereza
The bachelor's thesis deals with a topic: "The System of the prenatal diagnosis of fetal harm" and it's divided to two parts, the theoretical part and the research section. The theoretical part, which is the introductory part of the thesis, has three main chapters. The first chapter is focused on the prenatal care. This chapter describes the prenatal care in general, who provides that. It is dealt by pregnancy card, which is the essential component of the prenatal care and frequency of checks. The biggest part of the chapter is devoted to a detailed overview regularly and irregularly, or examination carried out in time. The second chapter is focused on prenatal diagnosis of congenital defects in the fetus and describes individual screening methods of investigation and diagnostic methods of congenital defects in the fetus. At the end of this chapter is a mention of Prenascan. It means new and only diagnostic noninvasive tests for congenital defects in the fetus. The last chapter deals with a role of the midwives in the prenatal care. In this chapter it doesn't lack the definition of the midwife, the psychological side of the midwife and the relationship midwife and clients. It's important that the interrelationship was based on trust and respect. The end of this chapter is focused on educational activities of midwives. The education has an important role in the prenatal care. It's very challenging activities from the perspective of midwives, which places demands on knowledge and skills. The midwife educates a pregnant woman about healthy habits, care of herself. It's in connection with prenatal diagnosis of congenital defects in the fetus. The research section focuses on worries of woman, maps quality and satisfaction of woman with the provided information and satisfaction with the attitude of healthy personal. The bachelor's thesis has these goals: The goal 1- Map methods prenatal diagnosis of fetal harm. The goal 2 Find out what information and approaches consider women as important in the area of prenatal diagnosis, when the screening in I. trimester of pregnancy is positive.Based on the above objectives were determined these research question: The Research question 1 What are women afraid of most? (There are women who have increased risk of birth defects). The Research question 2 What quality information have they about the fallowing procedures? The Research question 3 What satisfaction of women is whit attitude of health personal?
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Bioethic in the public discourse
ŠIMKOVÁ, Petra
From time to time there comes to a stirring up of a society-wide discussion on bioethical issues ? abortion, prenatal diagnosis, assisted reproduction and euthanasia in the Czech Republic. This social discussion is largely influenced by media which present to us interesting news or a story, but it is necessary to realize that these topics have a much broader scope and potential impacts than it is served up to us by media. A wide range of debaters as well as professional and lay public regularly express to bioethical issues relating to the beginning and the end of life. For a fruitful discussion it is necessary to clearly define and specify concepts, because often there is a misguided discussion without any expected results. In the past there was no need to deal with such issues very much, because the order was in hands of Nature. Not completely healthy individuals failed to conceive a child, an unwanted foetus was carried to term and its sex was a surprise for parents and finally, people died naturally according to their age or after a lost match with a disease. For many people Nature, for others some Higher Order. Of course, an incredible scientific development enabled such miracles of which we would have not dreamt hundred years ago yet. We have gained many rights, freedom and democracy as well as a wide-ranging choice. Today we can decide whether to become pregnant and in the same way we can decide that we get rid of the full womb from different reasons. Using diagnostic methods we can determine what a child we carry bellow the heart, but with the help of the same technique it can become uncomfortable for us. We can be treated and live even a century and in many places we can lawfully decide that our life has no meaning and we can finish it. The aim of the diploma thesis is to map readers´ awareness of bioethical issues using a secondary analysis of printed documents from three chosen Czech dailies in 2000 ? 2010 years. To track what triggered a debate among the readers, who discussed and what stance adopted the readers on the issue. The secondary objective was also the mapping of all proponents´ and opponents´ arguments of selected topics and comparing the results with the professional literature. The research shows that the public debate was always sparked by an event presented by the media, to which subsequently responded readers from all areas. According to the research results the public awareness of bioethical issues has been formed mostly by experts directly involved in bioethical dilemmas or carrying out such a profession, in which bioethics greatly interferes. Readers of diverse composition participated in the discussion and the most represented group was a group of experts and a group of lay debaters.
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Ethical aspects of prenatal diagnosis
ŠIROKÁ, Barbora
The thesis deals with the applications of ethical principles in prenatal diagnosis. The introduction is devoted to the phenomenon of life and its aspects. The professional medical part characterises the preimplantation and prenatal diagnosis and methods used during the care of pregnant. The ethical part of the thesis describes the origin, the approaches and concepts of bioethics. Further it defines each of bioethical principles which are based on bioethics. At the end of the third chapter various aspects and problems of medical ethics are shown. The aim of the last chapter of this thesis is the ethical reflection in which the different diagnostic methods are examined in terms of bioethical principles. It´s followed by analyzing the current situation ethics of prenatal diagnosis in the Czech Republic. Comparison of different opinions from professionals in this field is interesting and surprising. The fourth chapter is concluded with specific case studies of pregnant women. Conclusions include evaluation and comparison of available information and express my own view on the issue.
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